Church Authority vs. Biblical Authority: How and When to Report Abuse

Reporting Sexual Abuse from a Spiritual Leader

Church authority versus biblical authority — Why we must choose truth over reputation.

It can be challenging for survivors to report sexual abuse, particularly when the perpetrator holds a position of spiritual authority within a church. Throughout history, the church has often prioritized self-preservation over the well-being of the most vulnerable individuals under their care. This creates a conflict between church authority and biblical authority, especially when it comes to reporting sexual abuse. Churches frequently prioritize church authority, which aims to protect the institution, over biblical authority, which emphasizes truth, accountability, and compassion for those who have been harmed.

Church Authority

Church authority refers to the formal power of church leadership, including pastors, elders, deacons, and staff members. Many denominations emphasize the importance of church unity, loyalty to leadership, and preserving the institution's reputation. These objectives can discourage victims from reporting their experiences directly to those in leadership or local authorities. As a result, cases of sexual abuse can go unreported or underreported within the church.

The quality of its leadership directly shapes a church's integrity. 1 Timothy 3:1-7 (ESV) outlines the qualifications of a leader within the church: 

“The saying is trustworthy: If anyone aspires to the office of overseer, he desires a noble task. Therefore an overseer must be above reproach, the husband of one wife, sober-minded, self-controlled, respectable, hospitable, able to teach, not a drunkard, not violent but gentle, not quarrelsome, not a lover of money. He must manage his own household well, with all dignity keeping his children submissive, for if someone does not know how to manage his own household, how will he care for God's church? He must not be a recent convert, or he may become puffed up with conceit and fall into the condemnation of the devil. Moreover, he must be well thought of by outsiders, so that he may not fall into disgrace, into a snare of the devil.”

1 Timothy 3:12 specifically mentions that a leader must be faithful to his wife and manage his household well. Leaders are to be above reproach, but there are many instances when abuse goes unreported to avoid scandal, preserve the church's image, or protect powerful individuals serving in leadership. While church leaders have authority within their religious communities, they are not above the law. This is why biblical authority must be the ultimate guide for those experiencing abuse within the church.

Biblical Authority

Biblical authority refers to scripture as the ultimate source of truth and guidance for the Christian life. It emphasizes justice, accountability, compassion, and protection for the vulnerable. Micah 6:8 says the Lord requires believers to "act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God." This biblical truth holds all sinners accountable for their actions, even if they are in positions of power.

Scripture repeatedly emphasizes the care and protection of the vulnerable, including children and those who are oppressed (Matthew 18:6; Psalm 82:3-4). Sexual abuse victims, especially within the church, are among the most vulnerable and deserve both protection and advocacy. Jesus is truth (John 14:6) and Christians are called to walk in the light, speaking the truth. Failing to report abuse contradicts the biblical mandate for love, mercy, and justice.

In Romans 13:1-4, Paul also reminds Christians to respect governing authorities, recognizing that secular authorities have a God-given role in maintaining justice. This implies that reporting sexual abuse to legal authorities is not only permissible but biblically mandated. 

Many churches emphasize submission to leadership, which can sometimes be used to silence victims or discourage them from reporting abuse. However, biblical authority does not support blind submission to unjust leadership. Scripture contains examples of prophets and believers who stood up to corrupt or abusive leaders. This emphasizes that God calls for truth and righteousness over institutional loyalty.

A Biblical Response to Abuse

Churches must embrace transparency and accountability, both internally and externally. This means creating policies that encourage reporting abuse, whether to church leaders or legal authorities. This ensures that every accusation is taken seriously.

Reporting abuse to secular authorities is not only necessary but is often the most loving, protective action a church can take. Romans 13:1-4 affirms that secular authorities are in place to punish offenders, and cooperating with them is a biblical mandate. 

Many churches are beginning to take allegations more seriously and implementing clear policies for reporting abuse, providing training for church leaders, and establishing channels for accountability. Prioritizing the well-being of survivors and providing them with spiritual, emotional, and legal support is consistent with Jesus' teaching to care for the "least of these" (Matthew 25:40).

When to Report

If you are experiencing sexual advances or abuse at the hands of a church leader, taking a biblical approach will take courage. It’s important to recognize that the behavior is wrong, even if the abuser is in a position of authority. Sexual abuse or unwanted advances are never justified, regardless of the person’s role in the church. Prioritize your physical and emotional safety by setting boundaries, avoiding private meetings, and distancing yourself from the abuser.

Record the incidents, including dates, times, places, and any witnesses. This documentation can be helpful if you choose to report the abuse later, and it will serve as evidence if needed.

If you feel safe doing so, report the abuse to another trusted church leader, such as an elder or a board member. Some churches have specific protocols in place for addressing misconduct. However, if church leadership does not respond adequately, seek external help. Sexual abuse is a crime, and reporting it to the police or relevant authorities ensures that legal action can be taken. You are entitled to protection. If the abuse involves minors, contact child protective services or another child advocacy organization to intervene.

Sexual abuse can have a long-lasting emotional impact. Speak to a licensed therapist or connect with a support group, which can help you feel less isolated and provide additional resources. Trees of Hope offers a caring, faith-based healing community. It’s important to remember that you are not to blame for the actions of an abusive leader. You deserve respect, support, and justice.